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Many medical conditions, including all cases of cancer, must be diagnosed by removing a sample of tissue from the patient and sending it to a pathologist for examination. This procedure is called a biopsy. Any organ in the body can be biopsied using a variety of techniques, some of which require major surgery, while others do not even require local anesthesia. After the biopsy specimen is obtained, it is sent for examination to the anatomical pathologist for further analysis.

The current state of medical and technological knowledge means that operations can be performed with ever greater precision and using less and less invasive techniques.

Peritoneal lavage, the washing out of the peritoneal cavity, has surgical applications that are both diagnostic, e.g. the detection of visceral injury following blunt abdominal trauma, and therapeutic, e.g. sterilization of the cavity after peritonitis. B. Braun provides Peritofix®, a set used for diagnostic peritoneal lavage when no functional echograph is available. The main indication is a suspected haemorrhage inside the peritoneal cavity, but it is also used for safe application of cytostatic drugs into the peritoneal cavity for treatment of malignant ascites.

Enteral feeding means using the gastrointestinal tract for the delivery of nutrients, which includes eating food, consuming oral supplements and all types of tube feeding. The routes of enteral feeding most often used are naso-gastric tubes (NGT) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. Other routes that are increasingly being used include naso-jejunal and jejunostomy feeding, which may be the only feasible route if it is not appropriate to feed via the stomach.

Irrigation solutions have a wide spectrum of uses in the hospital. A basic distinction is made among the following applications which each call for a different type of irrigation solution and solution container.

Oxygen therapy is used to support patients who are recovering from acute lung disorders (short-term: pneumonia) or people with chronic lung disorders (long-term : asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, occupational lung disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, or congestive heart failure) to get a higher level of oxygen in the blood to allow for better and more active living. Oxygen insufflation sets and catheters as well as variable rebreathing tube for respiratory physiotherapy, to increase ventilation and to enhance the expectoration of secretions.

Accumulations of air and / or fluid within the pleura-, pericardial or abdominal space can cause life-threatening disorders of the respiration as well as the cardiac function. Therefore, the objective of every emergency therapy is to totally remove the air or fluid. This used to be done either by needle puncture or by placing a sterile, surgical suction drainage. Large bore catheters (so-called Bülau Drainages) are to be avoided whenever possible, from the costs´ point of view and the advantages of a minimal invasive surgery for the patient. B. Braun developed a special, small bore PUR catheter which also allowed safe drainage, and if necessary irrigation, of visceral cavities being under negative pressure (Pneumothorax Drainage), without any additional surgical devices by means of a 3-way stopcock and an adjacent back check valve. Pleuracan® has become widely accepted for thorax drainage from the beginning, also in pediatrics. For short term decompression and drainage of the pleural cavity B. Braun offers the Pleurofix®-Sets.

The use of port catheter systems for example for administration of cyto-toxic drugs, antibiotics or parenteral nutrition offers many advantages for patients, nurses and doctors.

For the Removal of Body Fluids

Micturition is a natural consequence of hydration. Persons who are not able to control the act of micturition (e.g. patients during/after surgical procedures or paraplegics) need to be supported by medical products which allow for hygienic drainage and collection of urine.